Conditional If, Direct And Direct

Direct and indirect speech

Direct Speech / Quoted Speech

Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech) Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.

When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

Example:

Statement:

1.      Direct      : Randy said, “I will be a sailor next year”

Indirect    : Randy said, that he would be a sailor the following year.

2.      Direct      : He said “I am sleepy”

Indirect    : He said, that he was sleepy.

3.      Direct      : Morgan said, “I will bring you a rice box from McDonald.

Indirect    : Morgan said that she would bring me a rice box from McDonald.

4.      Direct      : Yuri told me, You study English hard”

Indirect    : Yurii told me that I study English hard.

5.      Direct      : They said, “you must go to our party tonight”

Indirect    : They said that I would have to go to their party that night.

Command:

1.      Direct      : Judy said, “Be patient Rudy”

Indirect    : Judy said to Rudy to be patient.

2.      Direct      : Carmen asked her, “Study your English book”

Indirect    : Carmen asked her to study her English book.

3.      Direct      : Janny ordered me, “Close the window!”

Indirect    : Janny ordered me to closed the window.

4.      Direct      : My mother told me, “ Bring your jacket”

Indirect    : My mother told me to bring my jacket.

5.      Direct      : The teacher said to us, “Don’t be crowded here”

Indirect    : The teacher to us not to be crowded there.

Question

1.      Direct      : Andi asked, “Do you go to Manado?”

Indirect    : Andi asked if I went to Manado.

2.      Direct      : Christ asked, “Do you come to my house today?

Indirect    : Christ asked whether I came to his house that day?

3.      Direct      : My father asked, “ what’s your name?”

Indirect    : My father asked what my name is.

4.      Direct      : My mother asked me, Where does she go?”

Indirect    : My mother asked me where she went?

5.      Direct      : Leo asked me, “Will you marry me?”

Indirect    : Leo asked me if I married him.

II.                   Conditional Sentences

Conditional sentences are sentences expressing factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences. They are so called because the validity of the main clause of the sentence is conditional on the existence of certain circumstances, which may be expressed in a dependent clause or may be understood from the context.

A full conditional sentence (one which expresses the condition as well as its consequences) therefore contains two clauses: the dependent clause expressing the condition, called the protasis; and the main clause expressing the consequence, called the apodosis.

Conditional Sentences type 1

Type 1 sentences are used when it is likely that the condition will be fulfilled. It is formed like this:
            "if" + [Simple Present], "will" + [Verb]

Example:

1.      If you swallow some of the cleaning fluid, it will kill you.

2.      If I get a little humility, I will be perfect.

Conditional Sentences type 2

Type 2 sentences are used when it is unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled. It is formed like this:

            “if” +[Simple Past], “would” + [Verb]

Example:

1.      If I was you,  I would be his girl friend

2.      If I had much money, I would go to Paris

Conditional Sentences type 3

Type 3 sentences are used when it is impossible for condition to be fulfilled because the possibility has already passed. It is formed like this:

            “if” + [Past Perfect], “would have” + [Past Participle]

1.      If my father had come to Bali, I would have given some money

2.      If you have not stopped studying, I would have married you